Modern Colloquial Eastern Elamite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54781/abz.v14i1.370Keywords:
Elamite, Brahui, Balochistan , Zagrosian, Dravidian languagesAbstract
This paper is a formal demonstration of cognation between Elamite, a major language of the ancient Near East, and Brahui, a language of Balochistan, spoken primarily in Pakistan but also in Iran and Afghanistan. It is identifying Brahui as Modern Colloquial Eastern Elamite. Almost exactly two millennia have elapsed between the last recording of Elamite and the first recorded example of Brahui. While closely related, Brahui is not a descendant of classical Elamite. Rather, it is descended from an unattested eastern branch of Elamite. Part, one deals with a full statement of the Comparative Method focusing on the root syllable. Part Two adds comparative morphology and retailed comparisons of the verb structure.
References
Álvarz-Mon, Javier, Gian Pietro Baseillo, and Yasmina Wicks (eds.). 2018. The Elamite World. New York: Routledge.
Bashir, Elena. 1991. A Contrastive Analysis of Brahui and Urdu. Washington, DC: Academy of Educational Development.
------------. 2010. Innovations in the Negative Conjugation of the Brahui Verb System. Journal of South Asian Liguistics 3: 23-43.
Bork, Ferdinand. 1925. Elam (B. Sprache). Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte 3: 70-83.
Bray, Denys de S. 1909. The Brahui Language. Calcutta: Superintedant of Government Printing.
------------. 1934. The Brahui Language, Parts 2-3. Delhi: Superintendent of Government Printing.
-----------. 1986. Brahui Language Introduction and Grammar. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Reprint of 1909 grammar.
Bright, William. 1966. Dravidian Metaphony. Language 42: 311-22.
Burrow, T. and M. B. Emeneau. 1984. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (Second Edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Burrow, Thomas. 1967. Review of A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 99: 39-42.
DeArmand, Richard C. 1975. Some Rules of Brahui Conjugation. In Dravidian Phonological Systems, by Harold F. Schiffman and Carol M. Eastman (eds.), 242-98. Seattle: Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area Studies, University of Washington.
Diakonoff, Igor M. 1967. Elamskij Jazyk. In Jazyki derevnej perednej Azii, 85-112. Moscow: Nauka.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1983b. A Brahui Supplemental Vocabulary. Indo-Iranian Journal 25: 191-209.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1998. Brahui. In The Dravidian Languages, by Sanford B. Steever (ed.), 388-414. New York: Routledge.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1997b. Brahui Phonology. In Phonologies of Asia and Africa: Including the Caucasus, by Alan S. Kaye and Peter T. Daniels (eds.), 797-814. Winona Lake, IN: EIsenbrauns.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1983a. The Brahui Problem Again. Indo-Iranian Journal 25: 103-32.
Emeneau, Murray B. 1962b. Brahui and Dravidian Comparative Grammar. (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 27). Berkeley: University of California Press.
------------. 1968. Brahui sal-/sali- 'to stand': An Etymology. In Pratidānam: Indian, Iranian, and Indo-European Studies Prsented to Franciscus Berardus Jacobus Kuiper on His Sixtieth Birthday, by G. H. Schokker, and V. I. Subramoniam (eds.) J. C. Heesterman, 171-73. The Hague: Mouton.
Grillot-Susini, Francoise. 1987. Éléments de Grammaire Élamite. Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, no. 29. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations.
Hallock, Richard T. 1969. Perspolis Fortification Tablets (Oriental Institute Publications, 92). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Hinz, Walther and Heidemarie Koch. 1987. Elamisches Wörterbuch (Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, ErganzungsBand 17). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
Khačikjan [Khachikian], Margaret. 1998. The Elamite Language. (Documenta Asiana, Vol. 4). Rome: Consiglo Nazionale delle Ricerche, Instituto per gli Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici.
Krebernik, M. 2005. Elamisch. In Sprachen des Alten Orients, by M. P. Streck (ed.), 159-82. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju. 2003. The Dravidian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McAlpin, David W. 1974. Towards Proto-Elamo-Dravidian. Language 50: 89-101.
-----------. 1975. Elamite and Dravidian: Further Evidence of Relationship. Current Anthropology 16: 105-15.
------------. 1981. Proto-Elamo-Dravidian: The Evidence and its Implications. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 71, pt. 3.). Philadelphia: Americam Philosophical Society.
------------. 2003. Velars, Uvulars, and the North Dravidian Hypothesis. Journal of the American Oriental Society 123: 521-46.
------------. 2015. Brahui and the Zagrosian Hypothesis. Journal of the American Oriental Society 135: 551-99.
Pfeiffer, Martin. 2018. Kurux Historical Phonology Reconsidered. Norderstedt: PubliQation Academic Publishing.
Ringe, Don. 2004. Reconstructed Ancient Languages. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, by Roger D. Woodward (ed.), 1113-28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press'
Reich, David. 2018. Who We Are and How We Got Here. New York: Pantheon Books.
Rossi, Adriano V. 1979. Iranian Lexical Elements in Brahui. Series Minor, vol. 8. Naples: Instituto Universario Orientale, Seminario di Studi Asiatici.
Steever, Sanford B. 1988. The Serial Verb Formation in the Dravidian Languages. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
Stolper, Matthew W. 2004. Elamite. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languges, by Roger D. Woodward (ed.), 60-94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tavernier, Jan. 2011. Elamite: analyse grammatical et lecture des textes. Res Antiquae 8: 315-50.
Tavernier, Jan. 2010. On the Sounds Rendered by the s-, š-, and ṣ/z- Series In Elamite. In Languges in the Ancient Near East, by Natalia Koslov, Sergey Loesov, Serguei Tishchenko, and Leonid E. Kogin (eds.), 1059-78. University Park: Pennsylvanis State University Press.
Tavernier, Jan. 2018. The Elamite Language. In The Elamite World, by Javier Alvarez-Mon et al. (eds.), 416-49. London: Routledge.
Zvelebil, Kamil V. 1970. Comparative Dravidian Phonology. The Hague: Mouton.
------------- 1972. Dravidian Case-Suffixes: Attempt at a Reconstruction. Journal of the American Oriental Society 92: 272-76.
------------- 1977. A Sketch of Comparative Dravidian Morphology: Part One. The Hague: Mouton.
-------------- 1990. Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction. Pondicherry: Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Al-Burz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Alburz has licensed under a CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
ISSN (print) 2071-9477 ISSN (online) 2521-408X